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The authentication process leaves two considerations: the (AP) still needs to authenticate itself to the client station (STA), and to encrypt the traffic need to be derived. The earlier exchange has provided the shared secret key PMK (Pairwise Master Key). This key is, however, designed to last the entire session and should be exposed as little as possible. Therefore the four-way handshake is used to establish another key called the PTK (Pairwise Transient Key). The PTK is generated by the following attributes: PMK, AP (ANonce), STA nonce (SNonce), AP , and STA MAC address. The product is then put through a .
The handshake also yields the GTK (Group Temporal Key), used to decrypt multicast and broadcast traffic. The actual messages exchanged during the handshake are depicted in the figure and explained below:
All the above messages are sent as -Key frames.
As soon as the PTK is obtained it is divided into five separate keys:
PTK (Pairwise Transient Key – 64 bytes)
The Michael MIC Authenticator Tx/Rx Keys provided in the handshake are only used if the network is using TKIP to encrypt the data.
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